This article seeks to understand why adolescence is a phase in constant mutation, consequently a phase of fear, angst and confrontation, doing a research of physical relationships between brain and psycho-emotional structure of adolescents. Through a reading through psychoanalysis of Dolto, Freud, Roudinesco and Zimerman and neuroscience through Blakemore, De Menezes and Stefaniszen, this study highlights the understanding of the plastic mechanism of the adolescent brain, especially the Pre-Cortex -Frontal and the Temporal Lobe and the structure of the Superego, in order to present an overview of limits, guilt, anguish and fears, identity, self-observation, “moral” consciousness and the formation of ideals in adolescence.

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