Centenarians are subjects living 100 years or older. They represent a model of successful aging with lower prevalence of comorbidities. In several countries, the increase in life expectancy has led the centenarians to become a fast-growing segment of the population. Some forecasts suggest that most babies born in developed countries since 2000 will become centenarians. The total world population is currently around 8 billion and is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050. According to United Nations estimates, in 2022, the number of centenarians in the world was approximately 593,000 (centenarians mainly from the USA). This number could reach approximately 3,700,000 by 2050 (centenarians mainly from China). The increase in the worldwide number of centenarians is challenging at the individual, familial, and societal levels. At the individual level, with the important extension of longevity and if health permits, subjects may want to delay retirement age, continue education, undertake a new career, or pursue a passion. At the familial level, some centenarians can enjoy interactions with their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren at different stages of their life. At the societal level, there is an urgent need to assess the key characteristics of centenarians across countries to better serve these populations and ensure a high quality of life in their remaining years. There is a requirement for nursing care at home or hospital. The presence of an increasing number of subjects treated for several different diseases with several different treatments will have a significant financial impact on the healthcare system. However, this situation may not be applicable to all centenarians since some have managed to avoid, postpone, or overcome several important age-related diseases and disabilities. The payment of pension and social security benefits to a growing number of centenarians for several decades is also a significant financial challenge for any society.